In another account of the Coe shootout: Theophilus Little, the mayor of Abilene and owner of the town's lumber yard, recorded his time in Abilene by writing in a notebook, which was ultimately given to the Abilene Historical Society. (If said child had actually existed, he or she was said to . Although McCall accepted the money, he was apparently insulted. 1. This was his sixth murder. When Varnes could not be found, McCall then implicated Tim Brady in the plot. [43], On April 15, 1871, Hickok became marshal of Abilene, Kansas. Hickok and Brinks were charged with murder but found not guilty. All About History is part of Future plc, an international media group and leading digital publisher. He left his wife a few months later to seek his fortune in the goldfields of South Dakota. Calamity Jane (1852-1903) was a well-known American frontierswoman and entertainment who was well-known for her marksmanship and acquaintance with Wild Bill Hickok. He usually sat with his back to a wall so he could see the entrance, but the only seat available when he joined the game was a chair facing away from the door. [29][30], Two days later, Hickok was arrested for murder. [52], In 1876, Hickok was diagnosed by a doctor in Kansas City, Missouri, with glaucoma and ophthalmia. Not a word was uttered. A second son, named Lorenzo Butler Hickok, was born in October of 1831 but died soon thereafter. [19] According to Hickok's account, he found the road blocked by a cinnamon bear and its two cubs. But by January 1903 she was back with her mother once more, a fact verified by the Belle Fourche Bee in South Dakota. [d] The jury voted to clear Hickok, resulting in public backlash and criticism of the verdict. At Bridger, Montana, Jane moved in with a cowboy named Robert Dorsett. The Adventures of Wild Bill Hickok was a 1950s TV series starring Guy Madison and Andy Devine. He was bedridden for four months before being sent to Rock Creek Station in the Nebraska Territory to work as a stable hand while he recovered. He was later elected constable of Monticello Township in Johnson County, Kansas. That derisive nickname may have been given to him by David McCanles, who had sold the buildings that became the Pony Expresss Rock Creek station, on credit, to Russell, Majors and Waddell. Dismounting, he approached the bear and fired a shot into its head, but the bullet ricocheted off its skull, infuriating it. As the scene unfolded, McCanles entered the station, and, from behind the curtain that divided it in two, either Hickok or Wellman shot McCanles. I would have rather been somewhere else, but Bill stopped. Writing in 1911, he detailed his admiration for Hickok and included a paragraph on the shooting that differs considerably from the reported account: "Phil" Coe was from Texas, ran the "Bull's Head" a saloon and gambling den, sold whiskey and men's souls. Wild Bill Hickok's Revolver James Butler "Wild Bill" Hickok's (1837-1874) pair of ivory-handled revolvers were as legendary as he was. He later became a lawman before settling down in Deadwood, South Dakota where he would soon meet his death. What was the relationship between Wild Bill Hickok and Calamity Jane? ", Rosa, Joseph G. (1977). To date, four children have been credited to the lady, although some of the claims have come from the children themselves. Almost the entire town attended the funeral, and Utter had Hickok buried with a wooden grave marker reading: Wild Bill, J. During this period Hickok prevented a man from beating an 11-year-old boy, who grew up to become Buffalo Bill Cody, Hickoks longtime friend. [citation needed], Buffalo Bill claimed that he encountered Hickok disguised as a Confederate officer in Missouri in 1864. American folk hero and lawman (18371876), For the American football player and industrialist, see, Arapaho Joe and Colorado Charlie Utter at Hickok's grave, photograph date unknown, Pistols known to have been carried by Hickok. As a result, calcium carbonate from the surrounding soil had replaced the flesh, leading to petrifaction. [citation needed], From 1871 until his death in 1876, Hickok had vision problems. ", Rosa, Joseph G. (1984). Corrections? Hickok was a favourite of Custer and his wife, Libbie, who described him as a delight to look upon. Hickoks physical appearance was by many accounts arresting. This was during the Indian Wars, in which Hickok sometimes served as a scout for General George A. Custer's 7th Cavalry. She was born in Missouri and spent most of her life on the country's western border. He was released from the group after a few months. He claimed he was avenging Hickok's earlier slaying of his brother, which may have been true; a man named Lew McCall had indeed been killed by an unknown lawman in Abilene, Kansas, but whether or not the two McCall men were related is unknown. Russell, Majors and Waddell had not kept up with their payments for the station, and the gun-brandishing McCanles had come to demand his money from Wellman, who insisted that he did not have it and refused to relinquish the property to McCanles, as did his wife. James Butler Hickok was born May 27, 1837, in Homer, Illinois, (present-day Troy Grove, Illinois) to William Alonzo Hickok, a farmer and abolitionist, and his wife, Polly Butler. [72] As of 2020, the flag is no longer flown. [40]:192, On July 17, 1870, Hickok was attacked by two troopers from the 7th U.S. Cavalry, Jeremiah Lonergan and John Kyle (sometimes spelled Kile),[42] in a saloon. before shooting Hickok in the back of the head at point-blank range. She said she was the daughter of Jane and Wild Bill Hickok, and was born in a cabin near Livingston, Montana in 1873. A month or so later, he left their honeymoon in Cincinnati for the goldfields of the Black Hills in the Dakota Territory, where he hoped to make enough money to send for her. "Doc" Howard, who had known Hickok, stated that Hickok had left Buffalo Bill's Wild West Exhibition "because the lights affected his eyes, so he had to give it up". Did Old West houses have outhouses, and were public facilities available? After in inquest where other incidents of Hickoks brand of frontier justice was revealed, he was relieved of his duties. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. In June, Hickok mustered out and went to Springfield, where he gambled. Wild Bill Hickok was an American frontiersman, army scout and lawman who helped bring order to the frontier West. Hickok has remained one of the most popular and iconic figures of the American Old West, and is still frequently depicted in popular culture, including literature, film, and television. This angered the buffalo and panicked audience members, causing the animals to break free of their wire fencing and chase audience members, some of whom were trampled. At the end of the trial, Judge Sempronius H. Boyd told the jury they could not find Hickok acted in self-defense if he could have reasonably avoided the fight. ", Nichols, George Ward (1867). That winter, writer M.L. Shes all Ive got to live fer; shes my only comfort [sic]. Fox described Jessie as neatly dressed but shy and embarrassed. Yet she had a bright face, and her manners were very good for one whose opportunities had been so few.. Relegated to making a living through other means than law enforcement, he traveled from one town to another as a gambler. The. McCormick claimed that ONeil offered to adopt her, taking she and her mother to meet his wife in Omaha. A later film (1953) and subsequent stage musical, both titled Calamity Jane, also portray a romance between Calamity Jane and Hickok. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. The story quickly became newspaper and magazine fodder. ", Rosa, Joseph G. (1982). [citation needed], Leander Richardson, a reporter, interviewed McCall shortly before his execution, and wrote an article about him for the April 1877 issue of Scribner's Monthly. [44] In his 1895 autobiography, published after his death, Hardin claimed to have been befriended by Hickok, the newly elected town marshal, after he had disarmed the marshal using the road agent's spin, but Hardin was known to exaggerate. Just weeks later, on her deathbed in Terry, South Dakota, Jane confessed that she and Jessie were now estranged and declined to say where her daughter was living. Jane was well-known for her abilities as a sharpshooter . Did Nick McGlashan have a family? [54], Charles Snyder, the Lucien Howe Librarian of Ophthalmology at Harvard Medical School, said "Granular conjunctivitis, ophtalmia, trachomacall it what you willwas common on the Western Frontier. A semifictionalized version of Hickok's time as marshal of Abilene Kansas, titled Hickok (2017), stars Luke Hemsworth as Hickok, Trace Adkins as the Bull's Head Saloon keeper Phil Coe, Kris Kristofferson as Abilene mayor George Knox, and Kaiwi Lyman-Mersereau as John Wesley Hardin. A young drifter named Jack McCall walked in and approached Hickok from behind. In the film version, Howard Keel co-stars as Hickok to Doris Day's Calamity Jane. From there the ONeils took the pair to the family home in Richmond, Virginia, and ultimately raised the Jean in Liverpool, England. Less than a month after Hickok's death, the trial was found to have no legal status because Deadwood was located in Indian Territory - McCall's acquittal was deemed invalid. Wild Bill Hickok was one of the early "Heroes of the West." He had built a reputation as an extraordinary gunfighter with a sense of fairness and justice. Updates? He fought against slavery with General James Lane in Kansas, and operated as a constable in Johnson County. McCanles may have been the first man Hickok killed. Military records after 1865 list him as Hickok, but note that he was also known as Haycock. When he saw Hickok, he leveled his cocked rifle at him. He reported returning with five prisoners after killing 10. He is chiefly portrayed as a protagonist, although historical accounts of his actions are often controversial, and much of his career is known to have been exaggerated both by himself and by contemporary mythmakers. In one show, he shot the spotlight when it focused on him. Im glad shes come [home from school] while youre here, Jane told Fox, fer I want you to see her. Many people knew that Jane had a "crush" on Hickok but few, if any, knew that they were married. The 10th Regiment arrived at Fort Lyon in Colorado in October and remained there for the rest of 1868. "Wild Bill's Sweetheart: The Life of Mary Jane Owens. This, too, was badly defaced, and was then enclosed in a cage for protection. For more on American historysubscribe to All About History for as little as 26. In 1876, Hickok was shot and killed while playing poker in a saloon in Deadwood, Dakota Territory (present-day South Dakota) by Jack McCall, an unsuccessful gambler. On July 21, 1865, the two men faced off in Springfield's town square, standing sideways before drawing and firing their weapons. [21] Hickok subsequently visited McCanles' widow, apologized for the killing, and offered her $35 in restitution, all the money he had with him at the time. Hickok was severely injured, with a crushed chest, shoulder, and arm. Hickok accused a J.V. Mulvey wheeled his horse around to face those who might shoot him from behind, and before he realized he had been fooled, Hickok shot him through the temple. [46]:4558[48] A newspaper reported, "A man was killed in his bed at a hotel in Abilene, Monday night, by a desperado called 'Arkansas'. He noted that the sound was similar to tapping a brick wall and believed the remains weighed more than 400lb (180kg). For the next several years, various witnesses saw Jane, who towed Jessie around with her as she drank her way across the west. By the end of 1861, he was a wagon master, but in September 1862, he was discharged for unknown reasons. ), 18721886. In an instant, he pulled the triggers again sending two bullets into Coe's abdomen (Coe lived a day or two) and whirling with his two guns drawn on the drunken crowd of cowboys, "and now do any of you fellows want the rest of these bullets?" McCall was brought to trial the next day. After his release, McCall had lingered in Deadwood for a short while before heading to Wyoming. Several times he was arrested for vagrancy. shot Tutt to prevent the threatened impending injury [then] the jury will acquit.". ", DeMattos, Jack (1980). The cemetery was moved in 1881, and when McCall's body was exhumed, the noose was found still around his neck.[69]. Both parents were reputed to be unsavory, involved in petty crimes and often financially destitute. The hand of cards which he supposedly held at the time of his death has become known as the dead man's hand: two pairs; black aces and eights. The identity of the fifth card (his "hole card") is also the subject of debate. There, the freight company had built a stagecoach stop along the Oregon Trail near Fairbury, Nebraska, on land purchased from David McCanles. Hickok remained in Hays through August 1868, when he brought 200 Cheyenne Indians to Hays to be viewed by "excursionists". BA1 1UA Macintosh of irregularities and misconduct during the election. He was the son of William Alonzo and Polly Butler Hickok (Fishwick). The bear then grabbed his arm in its mouth, but Hickok was able to grab his knife and slash its throat, killing it. That belief came from the fertile imaginations of othersespecially Jean McCormick, who claimed to be the daughter of the legendary pair. Also in 1995, he's depicted as a character in an episode of Legend (TV series) by William Russ, possibly most famous for his role in Wiseguy (TV series). There are many versions of the shootout that occurred at Rock Creek on July 12, 1861, shortly after the start of the Civil War, and all, in one way or another, contributed to Hickoks legend. They performed together until Bill was tragically murdered in 1869. The trial began on December 4 and it only took two days for the jury to find McCall guilty. Hickoks family emigrated from England in 1635 to Massachusetts, where his great-grandfather responded to the British march on Lexington and Concord at the beginning of the American Revolution. In July, 1865, in Springfield, Missouri's town square, Hickok killed Davis Tutt, an old friend who after personal grudges escalated became an enemy. The couple had a daughter, who also became an accomplished performer and horseback rider. Drawn to this ruffian lifestyle, he headed west at age 18 as a fugitive from justice, working as a stagecoach driver and later as a lawman in the frontier territories of Kansas and Nebraska. "[46] Hoping to intimidate Hickok, Coe allegedly stated that he could "kill a crow on the wing". Author McClaird theorised that Jessie, who had no birth certificate, said what she had to in order to receive financial assistance at her last residence in California. The couple had five children besides James Butler , three boys and two girls. Wild Bill - Tom Clavin 2019-02-05 The denitive true story of Wild Bill, the rst lawman of the Wild West, by the #1 New York Times bestselling author of Dodge City. According to Joseph G. Rosa, Hickok's biographer and the foremost authority on Wild Bill, Hickok killed only six or seven men in gunfights. His exploits as a gunfighter, scout, and lawman were legendary and he became the topic of many fictionalized accounts. Wild Bill Hickok begins to establish his reputation as a gunfighter after he shoots three men during a shootout in Nebraska. Not having the courage to do it himself, he one day filled about 200 cowboys with whiskey intending to get them into trouble with Wild Bill, hoping that they would get to shooting and in the melee shoot the marshal. Calamity Jane. When did cowboys begin wearing these shirts? When they returned from overseas, Agnes and Bill Lake decided to start their own circus. [citation needed], On August 1, 1876, Hickok was playing poker at Nuttal & Mann's Saloon No. Hickoks father moved his family from Vermont to Maine to Homer (now Troy Grove), Illinois. 2 Revolver on Offer at Bonhams This Fall", "Wild Bill Hickok's Death-Day Revolver Fails to Sell at California Auction", "Wild-Bill-Hickok - Trailer - Cast - Showtimes", "Josh Brolin as James Butler Hickok (aka Wild Bill)", https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0028/2964/7961/files/Deadwood_1876_Rules_English.pdf?4346553514003986582, Black Hills War, or Great Sioux War (1876), Cheyenne-Black Hills Stage Route (18761887), Sidney-Black Hills Stage Road (18761887), Rapid City, Black Hills and Western Railroad (18931947), Fossil Cycad National Monument (19221957), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wild_Bill_Hickok&oldid=1141945329, All articles with bare URLs for citations, Articles with bare URLs for citations from March 2022, Articles with PDF format bare URLs for citations, Short description is different from Wikidata, Pages using infobox person with multiple parents, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from July 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from July 2019, Articles with unsourced statements from July 2015, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, James B. Hickok, J.B. Hickok, Shanghai Bill, William Hickok, William Haycock, Bird, Roy (1979). He earned a great deal of notoriety in his own time, much of it bolstered by the many outlandish and often fabricated tales he told about himself. [61], Hickok died instantly. They traveled to Deadwood, South Dakota, together and were acquaintances, but there is no evidence of a romance (especially on his part). He was holding two pairs: black aces and black eights (although there is some dispute as to the suit of one of the aces, diamond vs. spade) as his "up cards", which has since become widely known as the "dead man's hand". A highly fictional film account of Hickok's later years and death, titled Wild Bill (1995), stars Jeff Bridges as Hickok and David Arquette as Jack McCall, and was written and directed by Walter Hill. Later, after bragging of his murder of Hickok, McCall was retried in Laramie, Wyoming Territory, found guilty, and hanged on March 1, 1877. The story continued that McCanles invaded the Wellmans cabin and prepared to shoot Hickok, who acted faster and shot McCanles in the chest. Astrological Sign: Gemini, Death Year: 1876, Death date: August 2, 1876, Death State: South Dakota, Death City: Deadwood, Death Country: United States, Article Title: Wild Bill Hickok Biography, Author: Biography.com Editors, Website Name: The Biography.com website, Url: https://www.biography.com/personality/wild-bill-hickok, Publisher: A&E Television Networks, Last Updated: July 28, 2020, Original Published Date: April 2, 2014. What do you know about Pete Spence, a member of the Cowboys of Tombstone? "Wild Bill and the Timber Thieves. 2, serial number 29963, a .32 rimfire with a six-inch barrel, blued finish, and varnished rosewood grips. Bath We drove on to Beatrice and at the trial, his plea was self-defense; no one appeared against him, and he was cleared. [62][63] Hickok may have told his friend Charlie Utter and others who were traveling with them that he thought he would be killed while in Deadwood. He afterward resumed using his given name, James Hickok. After the fact, there was much speculation as to whether romantic rivalry had had a role in the incident: Hickok was apparently involved with a woman who had also been involved with the married McCanles. The old cemetery was in an area that was better suited for the constant influx of new settlers to live on, so the remaining bodies there were eventually also moved up the hill to the Mount Moriah Cemetery (in the 1880s). "Dead man's hand" was an established poker. It ends with Hickok surviving the murder attempt due to wearing body armor and being shot in the back, then secretly leaving for a ranch in California. [33], In September 1865, Hickok came in second in the election for city marshal of Springfield. Though no solid record exists, he is believed to have served as a Union spy in the Confederate Army before his discharge in 1865. In 1871 he took over as the marshal of the tough cow town of Abilene, Kansas. He told Mrs. McCanles he was sorry he had to kill her man then took out $35 [$1,056 in 2021 dollars] and gave it to her saying: "This is all I have, sorry I do not have more to give you." B. Hickock [sic] killed by the assassin Jack McCall in Deadwood, Black Hills, August 2, 1876. Following his Civil War service, Wild Bill Hickok moved to Kansas where he was appointed sheriff in Hays City and marshal of Abilene. 2 Army revolver, a five-shot, single-action, .32-caliber weapon, innovative as one of the first metallic cartridge firearms and favored by many Union officers during the Civil War. Some contemporaneous reports of his exploits are known to be fictitious, but they remain the basis of much of his fame and reputation. By Tyler MacDonald / May 18, 2021 9:31 am EST. 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