Kristy Mordhorst Indicia of Serious and Sustained Efforts. Haiti Page 34: Getty-Quynh Anh Nguyen/Contributor Family members entrusted with caring for the children are often the ones grooming, manipulating, abusing, and exploiting them. This application of trauma-informed principles during a time of collective trauma reflects the successand the necessityof the push from survivors in recent years for the anti-trafficking movement as a whole to become more survivor- and trauma-informed. Both male and female children are often sexually abused or exploited by members of armed groups and suffer the same types of devastating physical and psychological consequences associated with sex trafficking. Benin 7103 (d) (7) ). It will also provide technical support and resources to improve evidence-gathering to build strong cases. In 2019, Congress amended the TVPA to acknowledge that governments can also act as traffickers, referring specifically to a government policy or pattern of human trafficking, trafficking in government-funded programs, forced labor in government-affiliated medical services or other sectors, sexual slavery in government camps, or the employment or recruitment of child soldiers. After four years and three promotions at work, I was told, you are too gay; if you want to continue working here, you will go back in the closet. I figured within the previous two months I had already lost my house, my family, and my college scholarshipat that point, what was my job? In Zimbabwe, local anti-trafficking organizations developed isolation cabins at three shelters to continue supporting individuals waiting for their COVID-19 test results without putting existing shelter residents at risk. Sunny Massa The government established a formal anti-trafficking inter-ministerial committee that monitored shelters, coordinated with NGOs and international organizations to identify and protect victims and drafted and launched the governments first national anti-trafficking action plan. Advisory Commission on Public Diplomacy, Human Trafficking in the Context of a Global Pandemic, Changing Human Trafficking Trends Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic, Impacts of COVID-19 on the Anti-Trafficking Community, Adaptations to Anti-Trafficking Efforts in Response to COVID-19, Considerations for the Anti-Trafficking Fields Response to COVID-19 and Beyond, Navigating the Unique Complexities in Familial Trafficking, Unifying Trauma-Informed Practices and Voices of Survivor Leadership, The Negative Impacts of Human Trafficking Misinformation, The Role of the Financial Sector: Promising Practices in the Eradication of Trafficking in Persons, Acknowledging Historical and Ongoing Harm: The Connections between Systemic Racism and Human Trafficking, Child-Friendly Spaces for Survivors of Human Trafficking, Letter on LGBTQI+ Vulnerability to Human Trafficking, When the Government is the Trafficker: State-Sponsored Trafficking in Persons, Funding Restrictions for Tier 3 Countries, TVPA Minimum Standards for the Elimination of Trafficking in Persons, Josiane Lina Bemaka-Soui |Central African Republic, Chantal Sagbo Sasse ep. Members of prosecution teams were obliged to think creatively to meet the victims needs while considering their own health and safety. IOM conducted rapid assessments in various countries to address the multiple effects of the pandemic on populations vulnerable to trafficking, such as the socio-economic impacts of COVID-19 on labor migration in the Pacific Region. Multiple NGO reports indicate the continued unlawful recruitment and use of child soldiers by governmental armed forces and that the collection and verification of information pertaining to child soldier recruitment and use was often hindered by access constraints. Ghana Myrtis Martin The illicit financial activity that human trafficking generates includes, but is not limited to: payments associated with the transport of victims and other logistics such as hotels or plane tickets; collection of proceeds generated by the exploitation of trafficking victims and by the sale of goods produced through their exploitation; movement of proceeds; and bribery and corrupt dealings to facilitate human trafficking. Bemaka-Soui is also sensitive to the effects that human trafficking has on individuals and their communities. Ibusukis advocacy, along with his unwavering and admirable dedication to helping foreign nationals enduring labor exploitation and protecting their human rights, have brought these issues to the forefront and raised their profile within Japan and around the world. According to an international organization, in December 2019, the GOI discharged 40 boys who had been recruited by Tribal Mobilization Forces (TMF) and provided them with rehabilitation and integration program in coordination with the international organization. However, that's changed. In an environment with extremely limited access to critical protection services, Cabrera and her office led efforts to secure funding for the creation of three victim shelters in Toluca, Huixquilucan, and Texcoco, which can now house up to 210 victims of trafficking. Technology also can play a critical role in combating these crimes, increase law enforcements ability to identify victims and perpetrators, and help deliver financial assistance and other victim support services to victims as they work to rebuild their lives. The 2021 Trafficking in Persons Report includes the following 11 governments with a documented policy or pattern of human trafficking, trafficking in government-funded programs, forced labor in government-affiliated medical services or other sectors, sexual slavery in government camps, or the employment or recruitment of child soldiers: Afghanistan any person under 15 years of age who has been voluntarily recruited into governmental armed forces, police, or other security forces; or. From there, Joriz exploited Benilda in another form of sex trafficking by forcing her to engage in commercial sex acts at local hotels. In November 2019, the government used official media platforms to amplify calls by Yemeni human rights activists at the UN Human Rights Council for the Houthis to end child recruitment and use, and radicalization to violence. As a result, there was a significant increase in suspicious transaction reports filed by financial institutions related to this activity. These courageous efforts have pushed the government to start identifying these individuals as human trafficking victims. They also may not have the physical and mental development to identify coercive tactics being used by an individual they have bonded with, trust, and love. Montenegro Second, ensuring that a child feels safe is crucial, which means that the physical space must be easily accessible, ideally through its own entrance and exit, and separates the survivor from the perpetrator to prevent further trauma. Additionally, traffickers sought to re-exploit survivors who became financially unstable and vulnerable to revictimization. Rather, a Tier 1 ranking indicates that a government has made efforts to address the problem that meet the TVPAs minimum standards. Human trafficking is a widespread and highly profitable crime that generates an estimated $150 billion worldwide per year with a significant portion of those profits passing through legitimate financial services businesses. Austria The OSCE provides workshops and training to participating States on preventing trafficking in the organizations supply chains, and identifying and protecting trafficking victims. 2. On World Day Against Trafficking in Persons, the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) released new resources aimed at combatting human trafficking and supporting victims. Forced labor, also referred to as labor trafficking, encompasses the range of activities involved when a person uses force, fraud, or coercion to obtain the labor or services of another person. Training Advisor to The Human Trafficking Legal Center, We were sold for a certain amount of money for 30 minutes or an hour. Adrienne Sgarlato You can be a victim of human trafficking in your hometown. Still, the specific and long-term needs of survivors of familial trafficking can be met in a variety of ways. More than 200 countries have agreed to implement the FATF Recommendations, which require member countries to identify, assess, and understand money laundering and illicit finance risks and to mitigate those risks. After reasonable requests from the Department of State for data regarding investigations, prosecutions, convictions, and sentences, a government which does not provide such data, consistent with a demonstrably increasing capacity of such government to obtain such data, shall be presumed not to have vigorously investigated, prosecuted, convicted or sentenced such acts. Despite widespread challenges adapting to a remote, digital work environment, anti-trafficking stakeholders leveraged technology to identify victims, support victims and survivors, and increase collaboration. The Government of Burma had a policy or pattern of use of children for forced labor by the military. Civil society organizations collaborated to promote information sharing and the availability of COVID-related service provision and anti-trafficking guidance remotely. Through this report, we call on governments to join the United States in improving our collective efforts to comprehensively address human trafficking. Page 18-19: Mushfiqual Alam In India, there was a reported 95 percent rise in online searches for CSEM, and India ranked among the highest countries in the world for material related to child sexual abuse found online with a total of 11.6 percent of a global compilation of reports in 2020. 333 in support of U.S. national interests in fighting terrorism, countering violent extremist organizations and illicit smuggling. Handbook How to prevent human trafficking for domestic servitude in diplomatic households and protect private domestic workers (2014): Uniform Guidelines for the Identification and Referral of Victims of Human Trafficking within the Migrant and Refugee Reception Framework in the OSCE Region, Model Guidelines on Government Measures to Prevent Trafficking for Labour Exploitation in Supply Chains (2018), The Critical Role of Civil Society in Combating Trafficking in Human Beings (2018), From Reception to Recognition: Identifying and Protecting Human Trafficking Victims in Mixed Migration Flows (2018), Child Trafficking and Child Protection: Ensuring that Child Protection Mechanisms Protect the Rights and Meet the Needs of Child Victims of Human Trafficking (2018), 2020 Report of the Special Representative and Coordinator for Combating Trafficking in Human Beings, OSCE Compendium Database, an easy way to access information on prevention of labour exploitation in supply chains, now accessible online (2021), OSCE: International Survivors of Trafficking Advisory Council (2021), Trafficking in Persons in the SADC Region: A Baseline Report (2016), Trafficking in Persons in the SADC Region: Policy Brief (2016), Preventing and Combating Trafficking in Persons: Lessons from the SADC Region Booklet (2017). Whether in-person or virtual interviews were held, prosecutors often avoided interviewing the victims multiple times, limiting the ability of investigators to follow-up and confirm details. President Felix Tshisekedi has demonstrated that he is a willing partner committed to addressing instability and conflict in DRC, but needs U.S. security assistance to succeed in defeating armed groups threatening local populations, including the ISIS-affiliated Allied Democratic Forces (ADF). COVID-19 generated conditions that increased the number of people who experienced vulnerabilities to human trafficking and interrupted existing and planned anti-trafficking interventions. The number of incidents of child soldier recruitment and use continue to decline, according to data from an international organization in 2019. Notably, governments and anti-trafficking stakeholders overlook familial trafficking, which is when a family member or guardian is the victims trafficker or the one who sells the child to a third-party trafficker. The acts element of forced labor is met when the trafficker recruits, harbors, transports, provides, or obtains a person for labor or services. Whether the government of the country vigorously investigates, prosecutes, convicts, and sentences public officials, including diplomats and soldiers, who participate in or facilitate severe forms of trafficking in persons, including nationals of the country who are deployed abroad as part of a diplomatic, peacekeeping, or other similar mission who engage in or facilitate severe forms of trafficking in persons or exploit victims of such trafficking, and takes all appropriate measures against officials who condone or enable such trafficking. As seen in most fields during the pandemic, technology has become a powerful means to connect people and collect information, while limiting individuals exposure to the virus. The purpose of the Network is to engage experts, particularly those with lived experience of human trafficking, to provide expertise and input on Department of State anti-trafficking policies, strategies, and products. The Government of Russia had a government policy or pattern of trafficking. Josiane Lina Bemaka-Soui has developed the Central African Republics national anti-trafficking response from the ground up. The cost of the projects with a specific focus on countering the trafficking of people in TT came up to about US$5.2 million. The following is a product of the Human Trafficking Expert Consultant Network (the Network) funded by the TIP Office. Living in abandoned places meant our cars were taken, we were mugged, we had our modest apartments broke intolife was hard. Others leveraged technology to drive innovative solutions. Predatory and exclusionary practices that keep certain racial communities from attaining financial stability and building generational wealth provide traffickers ample opportunity to offer tempting alternatives. When assessing needs, a child-friendly waiting room might take priority. Some examples of online collaboration between anti-trafficking stakeholders include: Some organizations leveraged technology to innovate systems for victim identification and referrals while others, even some governments, expanded access to training to national and global audiences. Moreover, the OSCE/UN Women survey concluded that only 14 percent of national referral mechanisms were fully operational, due in part to government employees working from home and low technological literacy and capacity. Julie Hicks Governments should protect and serve their citizensnot terrorize and subjugate them for profit. The TVPA also provides that any country that has been ranked Tier 2 Watch List for two consecutive years and that would otherwise be ranked Tier 2 Watch List for the next year will instead be ranked Tier 3 in that third year. Human trafficking can take place even if the victim initially consented to providing labor, services, or commercial sex acts. The Department of State prepared this Report using information from U.S. embassies, government officials, nongovernmental and international organizations, published reports, news articles, academic studies, consultations with authorities and organizations in every region of the world, and information submitted to tipreport@state.gov. The UN and the CJTF, with the support of the government, have since identified and formally separated over 1,700 children, including 894 in May 2019. In many countries, law enforcement agencies reassigned personnel responsible for investigating human trafficking to enforcing lockdowns and public health measures. The U.S. Department of State leads the U.S. governments global engagement to combat human trafficking and chairs the federal interagency anti-trafficking task force. The criteria and procedures were designed to minimize risks to project team members and research participants by considering the best-available national and project-level information and the latest public health recommendations for COVID-19 mitigation. This is an issue. Such support roles include children serving as cooks, porters, guards, messengers, medics, servants, or spies. 5. When false or misleading rumors about human trafficking quickly spread online and through social media, concerned individuals may want to take action because they genuinely believe the information. The economic and social distress generated by the pandemic and related mitigation efforts exacerbated risks for vulnerable and marginalized populations. Debt bondage is focused on human trafficking crimes in which the traffickers primary means of coercion is debt manipulation. Traffickers often target children because they are more vulnerable. In many cases, the photographs of individuals used in this report are not images of confirmed human trafficking victims. List of Waivers or Exceptions Exercised under Section 404(a). Iran According to international organizations, the CPUs prevented the recruitment of 439 children in 2019. Many organizations have published collaborative reports, such as Road to Recovery produced by Restore NYC, a U.S.-based service provider, in partnership with eight other anti-trafficking organizations, many of which were survivor-led and from various regions of the country, to present shared experiences and findings from service provision and organizational adaptations during COVID-19, as well as forward-looking takeaways. Chantal Sagbo Sasse has been at the forefront of Gabons anti-trafficking movement for more than two decades. There were and continue to be survivor-led and -informed innovative solutions not only to ensure the continuation of anti-trafficking efforts but also to promote safety and security during the pandemic. Masks and other personal protective equipment, as well as virtual engagements, reduce the ability to read facial and non-verbal cues and body language, which can be a survival mechanism for survivors. In February 2021, Bemaka-Soui spearheaded and oversaw the launch of the governments first radio campaign to raise awareness about human trafficking in the local language of Sango, thereby allowing the government to reach key communities. Catherine E. Kay Bhutan However, familial trafficking, which is unique and just beginning to be understood in the field, is difficult to identify because it takes place within family networks and victimizes children, many of whom are under 12 years of age, who may not realize they are victims. Belarus At first, it may not be apparent that acting on this information could have any harmful consequences. Sint Maarten Salih still suffers from hearing loss due to explosions and airstrikes. These inequities undercut our goal of combating human trafficking and embolden traffickers. The 2021 narratives provided detailed examples to justify this assessment, such as: Over the last four years, the Peoples Republic of China (PRC) has carried out a mass detention and political indoctrination campaign against Uyghurs, who are predominantly Muslim, and members of other ethnic and religious minority groups in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region (Xinjiang), a large region in western China. This included individuals who reshared CSEM content in hopes of helping the victim and raising awareness, but inadvertently contributed to reporting spikes leaving less time and resources to pursue every incident. They have set up 16 economic empowerment businesses throughout Albania, which aim to decrease womens risk of exploitation by providing opportunities to participate in entrepreneurial projects in tourism, design, and education, among others. Its Survivor Inclusion Initiative works to facilitate survivor access to basic banking services, such as checking and savings accounts by connecting survivors to financial institutions. Daniel Evensen We are engaging with the government of Cameroon to encourage an investigation of the single case of Cameroons security forces using a child for the gathering of intelligence that resulted in their inclusion on the 2020 CSPA list and to prevent similar situations from occurring again. Congo, Republic of the Morocco Christine Buchholz A comforting environment and informal play can assist survivors in expressing their feelings of fear and distress while also supporting their resiliency. Many former child soldiers suffer from panic attacks due to trauma. Every country, including the United States, can do more. Lastly, section 333 is used to support counter-improvised explosive devices (C-IED) or route clearance programming which enables the Nigerian military to escort humanitarian assistance convoys in the volatile Northeast where the violence wrought by ISIS-West Africa and Boko Haram has displaced 1.8 million civilians and rendered 9.8 million in the Lake Chad region in need of humanitarian assistance. Since the declaration of a national state of emergency in Peru, the assignments of police units, including those focused on anti-trafficking efforts, shifted to enforcing the government-imposed isolation measures. Oropouche West MP Dr Roodal Moonilal said he is not aware of any investigation into government officials being involved in human trafficking while the UNC was in power between 2010 and 2015, contrary to statements made by former UNC minister Devant Maharaj. With so many disappeared into and abused within this system, entire communities in Xinjiangcommunities with rich histories and immeasurable cultural significancehave become ghost towns. Few resources have been developed to address the particularities of familial trafficking. In June 2019, the Minister of Justice and Judiciary launched Somalias version of a UN advocacy and action campaign called ACT to Protect, aimed at protecting children affected by armed conflict, and the CPU established a Children Affected by Armed Conflict working group. Joshua Youle Consistent with the TVPA, the President may also determine to instruct the U.S. Executive Director of each multilateral development bank and the International Monetary Fund to vote against and use their best efforts to deny any loans or other uses of the institutions funds to a designated Tier 3 country for most purposes (except for humanitarian, trade-related, and certain development-related assistance). Iran In addition to putting a child trafficking victim at ease by providing a safe and structured environment for play and learning, such spaces also can help facilitate the prosecution of human traffickers by offering critical support to children as they provide information to law enforcement to help hold perpetrators accountable. Eritrea The Department of Defense intends to use its authority under 10 U.S.C. Budget Day 2020/2021; . The US Department of State has once again urged Government to crack down on officials suspected of being involved in human trafficking. OSCE/UN Women conducted a robust survey shining a light on the issues victims and service providers faced. Lucia Gallegos This must include coming to terms with our role in having perpetuated violence and dehumanized people, and we must work to right these past wrongs. While the TVPA and the UN TIP Protocol call on governments to proactively address trafficking crimes, some governments are part of the problem, directly compelling their citizens into sex trafficking or forced labor. Liberia Chile For example, training on trafficking indicators should be expanded to healthcare workers, such as those supporting COVID-19 testing and vaccination efforts as they might be the few people a victim could interact with in public. The most durable solution to the unlawful recruitment and use of child soldiers will be a political solution that ends the conflict. For example, many children would benefit from having one-on-one support to develop an individualized program with the survivor and meet with them several times a week. A US Embassy spokesperson said this on Tuesday . While many countries shifted to conducting court proceedings virtually, limited to no internet connectivity and cost-related barriers to internet access for rural or underserved communities in some countries, such as The Gambia, made it challenging for victims to participate in virtual courts. Harmful misperceptions about where and how familial trafficking happens, such as the belief that familial trafficking only occurs within neighborhoods, communities, or countries of low socioeconomic status, contributes to challenges to prosecution, prevention, and protection efforts. The coercive scheme can include threats of force, debt manipulation, withholding of pay, confiscation of identity documents, psychological coercion, reputational harm, manipulation of the use of addictive substances, threats to other people, or other forms of coercion. Whether the government of the country vigorously investigates and prosecutes acts of severe forms of trafficking in persons, and convicts and sentences persons responsible for such acts, that take place wholly or partly within the territory of the country, including, as appropriate, requiring incarceration of individuals convicted of such acts. Qatar remains a difficult place for many migrant workers, and forced labor remains a serious concern in the country. Cabo Verde Kidnappings fueling human trafficking between Venezuela and its island neighbor have been carried out in Delta Amacuro, according to a 2020 report from Dr Cleophas Justine Pierre, a human trafficking researcher and director of research and business development at Dunn, Pierre, Barnett and Company Canada Limited. As the pandemic taught anti-trafficking actors to adapt and view challenges from new perspectives, it is apparent that an equity-based approach is essential to the remainder of the pandemic response, as well as the future of the anti-trafficking field. The following excerpts highlight the reflections of some who have directly experienced the ways in which systemic racism intersects with human trafficking in the United States and provide insight and guidance on how best to move forward. De La Rue Scholarship winner Justin Edwards plans to give back, Man shot, wounded at San Fernando workplace, Penal man, woman on $150,000 bail each on gun, ammo charges, Chaguanas chamber supports CoP in crime fight, Appeal Court reserves ruling on NWRHA employee shot at hospital, Woman sues over leaked nude photos, videos of extramarital affair, Tancoo on West's query on missing property tax info: Govt clueless. 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