This is puzzling, because a childs perspective is considerably narrower than an adults. . Short Stories for Students. It is important to recall that the Civil Rights era coincided with the casting off of imperial control by a series of African countries. Through his action, he admits that the emotional or heart position leads to a cul de sac; it cannot be defended rationally. I've got a real bad feeling. If one reverts to the easiest sort of race-based reading, one will invariably decide to read the story as one about victimhood. There he developed a keen interest in reading, and he wrote his first novel the next year; on news of its rejection, he destroyed the only manuscript copy he possessed. artistfacts. During the exchange between the men, the minister exposes the weakness of his position when he becomes frustrated and strikes the student. Categories: American Literature, Literary Criticism, Literature, Short Story, Tags: Analysis of Ernest J. Gainess The Sky Is Gray, appreciation of Ernest J. Gainess The Sky Is Gray, criticism of Ernest J. Gainess The Sky Is Gray, Ernest J. Gaines, Ernest J. Gainess The Sky Is Gray, Ernest J. Gainess The Sky Is Gray analysis, Ernest J. Gainess The Sky Is Gray appreciation, Ernest J. Gainess The Sky Is Gray essays, Ernest J. Gainess The Sky Is Gray guide, Ernest J. Gainess The Sky Is Gray notes, Ernest J. Gainess The Sky Is Gray plot, Ernest J. Gainess The Sky Is Gray story, Ernest J. Gainess The Sky Is Gray summary, Ernest J. Gainess The Sky Is Gray themes, essays of Ernest J. Gainess The Sky Is Gray, guide of Ernest J. Gainess The Sky Is Gray, notes of Ernest J. Gainess The Sky Is Gray, plot of Ernest J. Gainess The Sky Is Gray, story of Ernest J. Gainess The Sky Is Gray, summary of Ernest J. Gainess The Sky Is Gray, themes of Ernest J. Gainess The Sky Is Gray, Analysis of Ernest Hemingways The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber, Analysis of Ernest J. Gainess The Sky Is Gray, appreciation of Ernest J. Gainess The Sky Is Gray, criticism of Ernest J. Gainess The Sky Is Gray, Ernest J. Gainess The Sky Is Gray analysis, Ernest J. Gainess The Sky Is Gray appreciation, Ernest J. Gainess The Sky Is Gray essays, Ernest J. Gainess The Sky Is Gray summary, Ernest J. Gainess The Sky Is Gray themes, essays of Ernest J. Gainess The Sky Is Gray, guide of Ernest J. Gainess The Sky Is Gray, notes of Ernest J. Gainess The Sky Is Gray, plot of Ernest J. Gainess The Sky Is Gray, story of Ernest J. Gainess The Sky Is Gray, summary of Ernest J. Gainess The Sky Is Gray, themes of Ernest J. Gainess The Sky Is Gray. While they wait for the dentist to reopen his office, Octavia must devise ways in which she can keep James from the cold and at the same time carefully adhere to strict rules of racial separation. Clearly, if the environment in which they found themselves was as dangerous as Babb suggests, with every white potentially disposed to do harm, Octavias lesson would be the worst example she could possibly give James, setting him up at some future date for a prideful miscalculation whose outcome could be fatal. Retrieved February 23, 2023 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/education/news-wires-white-papers-and-books/sky-gray. It is my belief that Gaines' "The Sky is Gray" depicts the possible roots of a public leader, in the way the nature of the young narrator James is portrayed it illuminates the character traits in civil leader. James seems like anything but a childhood, his mind is plagued with worries and concerns that often belong in the adult realm. James tries to keep silent about his tooth not out of fear, but because he knows how expensive it will be to have a dentist pull it. Like James and Jamess mother, the source for Jamess aunt is drawn from Gainess own experience, modeled after his own great aunt, Augustine Jefferson. Fifty cents left guess I get a little piece of salt meat with that. Though it is clear that money is scarce, it is just as clear that this family knows how to survive with dignitythat is, without charity. It is in probing the underlying community attitudes, values, and beliefs to discover the way in which they determine what an individual will or has become that Gaines gives poignancy to the pieces in his short-story collection Bloodline. The only way that James can truly understand his world is by authoritarian explanationthe tongue and ear forming the eye: Auntie and Monsieur Bayonne talked to me and made me see (italics mine). Mama tries to teach James that he is the man of the family now. They are struggling for survival after James' father is taken in the army. With James' toothache at the central point of the plot, the story takes us through the obstacles this black family faces in terms of safety, racism, hunger, cold and money. The reader is made aware that the act of having the tooth pulled is a large ordeal to the family. Such readings all share a serious, albeit unintentional, flaw; they suggest that one must understand all actions and most events as direct or indirect consequences of race, rather than individual choice. For Babb, Octavias intention is to teach her son a valuable lesson in pride and survival, but she doesnt interrogate the relationship between pride and survival, preferring tacitly to assume that her readers will infer a necessary relationship between the two where none in fact exists. In Gainess words, describing the type of person he depicts in the student to Carl Wooton in an interview reprinted in Porch Talk: you will have this rebellion against authority. Where The Autobiography of Miss Jane Pittman gives us a grand, sweeping epic of a black woman and her slave community, "The Sky Is Gray" zeroes in on a moment in time, one crucial afternoon in a black child's development. ." All in all, the only pride that can be salvaged at the conclusion of the story is the black mothers verbal assuranceYou not a bumand the visual accommodation whereby James turns down the collar of his coat in order to appear as an Afro-American or newly reconstituted hyperaural/ hypervisual man. This is what the black student in the dentists office had desiredthe best of both cultures, of ear and eye. . Though he can accurately recall the words of the student in the dentists office that lead up to the student being hit by the preacher, he cannot understand the argument in which they are engaged (She just looks at him like she dont know what hes talking bout. Babb would have Octavia read as a woman whose prideful dissembling and technique of masking, whatever that entails, are the necessary consequence of living in a dangerous world in which the whim of any white is empowered to affect their destiny. But this is a significant, even inexcusable oversimplification of Octavias motivations. James also lets it be known that "the sky is gray" and that there isn't much grass. Short Stories for Students. While precisely dating the start of an era is difficult, most agree that the beginning of the Civil Rights era can be dated to John F. Kennedys election in 1961 as this countrys 35th and youngest President, and with the United Nations decision that same year to condemn the South African apartheid. 6th ed. And a reading focussed exclusively on the storys racial dynamic misses this completely. Most online reference entries and articles do not have page numbers. The experiences of his early years, particularly the experience of paternal abandonment, provided the bedrock on which his fiction would later be built. Never one to waste words, she knows how to protect herself: When a pimp tries to molest her, she throws him against a wall and threatens to stab him with the knife she carries. 1. . His choices should involve a conscious effort to integrate the extremes. that the Negro in America has been able to tell his story and Ralph Waldo Emersons assumption that the eye is final; what it tells us is the last stroke of nature; beyond color we cannot go. This hyperverbal/hypervisual trauma or rite de passage forms the real theme or subject of both black childrens accounts in A Long Day in November and The Sky Is Gray. . THE SKY IS GRAY by Ernest J. Gaines, 1968. Though it is indeed difficult, particularly for Americans, to step far enough back from the late 20th century American present to see the world Gaines describes with the same dispassionate clarity as one might see the Ireland, India, or South Africa that Joyce, Rushdie, and Coetzee respectively describe, nothing is lostand much is gainedif one makes the effort. This did not go unnoticed in the United States, particularly among black leaders who read with interest books like Jomo Kenyattas Facing Mount Kenya. What might be complex, three-dimensional people with equally complex motivations threaten to become two-dimensional caricatures with obscure, even uninteresting motivations when seen through the eyes of a child. Not surprisingly, the lions share of critiques fall into the first camp, and even the structural readings include didactic (instructive) digressions in almost every case. Just as the clouds clear after a storm, James finds out on his trip to Bayonne that the stormy clouds that are his life are parting to let some sunshine through. Roll the dice and learn a new word now! It is also clear that race, racial injustice, the years of segregation, and the particular way these things play themselves out in rural Louisiana are central to Gainess writing and therefore are central to understanding his works. Sometimes itd stop long enough to let me get little rest. Two of the stories in Bloodline, A Long Day in November and The Sky Is Gray, are particularly illustrative of the conflict between community perspective and individual needs. The fact that his father is gone to war, his mother is a very. With James' toothache at the central point of the plot, the story takes us through the obstacles this black family faces in terms of safety . There is fear that his family might not have enough wood to keep them warm, but a new concern of a toothache has come about and now how will they have enough money to pay the dentist. And when, at the storys conclusion, his mother pronounces him a man, the reader who has been inside Jamess subjective world can take measure of both how far he still is from manhood and of what he has learned from the lessons meant to take him the rest of the way there. As they ride in the back of the bus reserved for blacks and walk the streets of Bayonne, James, the first-person narrator, acutely evokes his almost unbearable feelings of pain, cold, and hunger: Only his love and respect for his mother prevent him from complaining. Nor is it likely a coincidence that I . Sold by: Tidal Wave Group . . The first volume contains stories about.- A lonely woman who works part-time, and who has crippling social anxiety that leads to misunderstandings.- James has an advantage over the young man, however: The young man has lost both his parents, whereas James has a mother who teaches him the qualities of manliness, courage, self-confidence, integrity, and self-respect. 436-38. Bloodline, his collection of short stories published in 1968, is a work that includes some of his best known short fiction, "The Sky Is Gray," "Just Like a Tree," and "A Long Day in November" (also published as a children's book in 1971). Home American Literature Analysis of Ernest J. Gainess The Sky Is Gray. You are free to use it for research . Introduction In short, the unfortunate consequence of exclusively race-based readings is that they narrow the readers scope of inquiry, inviting the reader to ask fewer questions and questions of a more particular nature than one would ask of an author like James Joyce, Salman Rushdie, or J. M. Coetzeeeach of whose writings are intimately concerned with different conceptions of race and their ramifications. Gravel crunches under the tires of the Rolls Royce as it trundles up the country road. Theirs is an odyssey or journey that encompasses the major dilemmas blacks faced in this eraincluding a debate between a black preacher who embraces the Christian doctrine of suffering and acceptance and an angry young black man who advocates questioning and action. . Just as the clouds clear after a storm, James finds out on his trip to Bayonne that the stormy clouds that are his life are parting to let some sunshine through. However, the trip to the dentist is weighty too because of the prejudice that exists outside his little community. Word Count: 1084. Even the clothing that they wear is very dull-colored! songplace. Short Stories for Students. But she is important for another reason besides her human decency: it is paradoxically her kind gesture that represents the greatest potential threat to Jamess manhood, at least in his mothers eyes. Ernest J. Gaines is best known for his third novel, The Autobiography of Miss Jane Pittman (1971), which recounts her latter-day observations of living in a racially torn Louisiana through the century between the War between the States and the Civil Rights movement of the 1960s. In Ernest J. Gaines "The Sky Is Gray", Octavia finds out the hard way. The student wants very much to deny his auralityMe, I dont listen to my heartand he ends up sad and depressed over his liberalism and scepticism: I hope they arent all like me. "The Sky is Gray Thats the thing. In the communal microcosm of the doctors office he represents the defiance, the nonviolent non-cooperation of the Civil Rights movement that would sweep through the South thirty years later. ", Hermosa historia lacual te hace pensar todo y te deja viendo diferentes realidades. Mama tries to teach James that he is the man of the family now. Can I live here tomorrow? The absence of the fatherin the armyhas somewhat prematurely forced James into the role of the man of the house; and we first find this young black initiate looking down the road, of American hypervisuality. Her personal situation can be seen as a metaphor for the plight of blacks. Historical Context However, his indirect discovery that the community is no longer capable of defining his individual responsibility to his family is potentially important both for him and for Sonny. Other Sellers on Amazon. In both cases, the situation is presented as a puzzle to the young who must attempt to resolve the conflicts that come about as a result of this realization. Introduction His feelings of isolation are clearly illustrated in his conversation with a woman who attempts to take his side in the disagreement. His publication record is not extensive, but his works have been well received. Set during the 1940s, "The Sky is Gray" is narrated by James, an eight-year-old boy with a horrible toothache; the story focuses on the cold winter's journey he and his mother Octavia make to see the dentist in town. Criticism As a result, she has made protecting James from becoming vulnerable her primary goal in life. The Sky Is Gray by Ernest J. Gaines is a poignant and thought-provoking short story about a young African American boy named James, who lives in rural Louisiana with his mother and grandmother during the mid-20th century. But this cure fails, too. This is neither a subjective nor an unimportant question. In the short story The Sky is Gray, Ernest J. Gaines shows the struggles, inflicted by poverty, in an eight-year-old boys life. At the end of the story, the narrator has not reached the dentists chair, and the problem of the toothache, which motivates the present action, has not yet been solved(Bell) The setup of this story is based on the premise of James having horrible tooth pain which needs attention. The woman wonders why the Lord allows people to suffer, saying that she doesnt understand it, but the preacher concludes that its something no human can understand. The Sky Is Gray Watch Online Streaming 123Movie. Houston Community College English 1301 Professor Hinchen-Bryan "The Sky is Gray" Discussion Questions Directions: Type your answer to the following questions on this sheet in a different color and submit it canvas by Saturday, October 30, 2021 by 11:59 p.m. 1. BIBLIOGRAPHY In response, later that year, 200,000 Americans, black and white, joined together in a freedom march on Washington to demonstrate. Ernest Gaines has written a non-fictional story that has three major characters apart from him as the narrator. Lets hope that the ones who come after will have your faithif not in your God, then in something else, something definitely that they can lean on. My students, of multi-ethnicities, enjoyed following along in . Summary. She has cut herself completely off from the community which conceivably could have provided her with support while her husband does his tour of duty in the army. - "The Sky is Gray" 9 terms. He looks at two contrasting ideas, the African/aural rootsthe idea that African Americans express themselves through their music and aural interpretationsand their American/visual reorientationthe idea that America is a country of visual stimulations, that as Emerson said the eye is final.. Sets found in the same folder "If The Sky is Gray" by Ernest Gaines. You have remained in right site to start getting this info. . I havent anything. The sky is Gray. 545-58. For Further Study She feels her first duty to her children is to toughen them up and show them how to live and survive. Subsequent publications included the short stories A Long Day in November (1959), Just Like a Tree (1962), and The Sky is Gray (1963), and the novels Catherine Carmier (1964), Of Love and Dust (1967), Bloodline (1968), The Autobiography of Miss Jane Pittman (1971), In My Fathers House (1978) A Gathering of Old Men (1983), and A Lesson Before Dying (1993). "- [] And as long as you listen to what your heart tells you, you will have only what the white man gives you and nothing more. Currently you are able to watch "The Sky Is Gray" streaming on Hoopla, Fandor Amazon Channel or for free with ads on Tubi TV, Crackle. Synopsis. Conversations with Ernest Gaines, Mississippi: Mississippi University Press, 1995. Ralph was strict about the kinds of children he would allow Gaines to befriend; because of his stepfathers insistence that most of the local children were trouble, Gaines turned to the local public library for entertainment and solacean institution that had been closed to him in Louisiana because he was black. Contrary to what Octavia would have him believe, the choices that James must eventually make about the quality of his existence should not be between bum and man, or between adhering to the dictates of the head or heart as advocated by the student and the minister respectively. Drama - From Ernest J. Gaines, author of "The Autobiography of Miss Jane Pittman," comes a deceptively simple, yet emotionally complex tale of a young boy's discovery of what it's like to be black in Louisiana during the 1940's. James, the boy in question, has a raging toothache that necessitates a trip to the dentist. She insists that they come inside while she calls the dentist to tell him that they are coming. The Sky is Gray is fundamentally a story about the process of coming of age, of going from one state to another. But this state of affairs does not lasthis Auntie soon discovers that his tooth is rotten. Awesome bookit wraps within the narrative so many layers of the black's struggle in America, their historymakes the reader think and feel for the characters, as such engaged with their livesgave me goosebumps!! Helena tries to give them a larger piece, but Jamess mother insists on an accurate measure. but should you say the sky is gray well, it still looks blue to me i know the road is light and i've known this all along but should you say the sky is gray then i won't say that you're wrong [chorus] because today, i love everybody everybody i see today, i think that all folks are great and everybody here loves me ooh, today, i'd give . Analysis: "The Sky Is Gray". Her alternative, however, creates an atmosphere which, for James, is potentially equal in the dangers it poses. How? The scene in which Jamess mother is toldor discoversthat her son must go to the dentist is skipped over, but the familys poverty, and the comparatively huge cost of having the tooth pulled, is not. And the sky is gray, the sky is gray Ah, hah But that don't mean little brother that you Have to feel the same way Look the sky is cryin' see the Tear rollin' down on the ground Down on the ground Ah, hah but that don't mean little brother That your life can't turn around Cover up your body but the cold Steady rubbin' on your skin Rubbin' on . Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. Through the stories of the many fascinating people who touch Jane's life, Gaines presents not only a moving perspective on the struggles of African Americans but also a social history of the United States since the Civil War. It suggests at first the bleak mood of the story but also hints at hope in the future. The action in "The Sky is Gray" is broken up into thirteen short sections which describe a half day or so in the life of James, an eight-year-old black boy in the rural South of the late 1930s. In The Sky is Gray, the goal is not exactly reached. So it's probably not coincidental that I began planning another northern California trip a few weeks ago. table<br>We make dumplings from a thin but durable dough so that it . Are the two related? Babb seems to approach this realization when she writes that Octavias dissembling enables her to warm him without compromising her dignity by begging. Babb realizes that Octavias act is fundamentally about dignity, not about warmth, but she doesnt think through the implications of the point she has made, here or later. Jamess absent father is serving the country, which expects its African-American citizens to fight for freedom abroad while it denies them those same freedoms at home. Babb, Valerie Melissa. The source of Jamess isolation is his mother Octavia, who moves through the world of the story with a calm and control which always seem on the verge of eruption. All the leaves are brown (all the leaves are brown) And the sky is gray (and the sky is gray) I've been for a walk (I've been for a walk) On a winter's day (on a winter's day) I'd be safe and warm (I'd be safe and warm) If I was in L.A. (if I was in L.A.) California dreamin' (California dreamin') But the counter to this argument is that one should, if Gaines is successful, be able to see how James will turn out, that the creation of a characterization sufficient to demonstrate that the child is father of the man is a demonstration of a naturalism like Zolas, and worthy of similar respect. 18, No. In The Sky is Gray, by Ernest J. Gaines and Mr. Parker, by Laurie Colwin, James and Janie are no exception. This time the trial is so severe that the verbal command is ineffectual: Mama tells me keep my eyes in front where they belong, but I cant helpfrom seeing (italics mine). Last Updated on May 5, 2015, by eNotes Editorial. kayeeaugust17. The gray of the sky which hangs threateningly over the action of the story symbolizes the dangers inherent in the extremes which James must reconcile. Unfortunately, I was born too late to believe in your God. Jamess vulnerability to this aspect of human nature is illustrated in the episode with an old couple who offer them food during their visit to town. The purpose of the heart is to pump blood throughout the body, and nothing else. In the following essay, Roberts looks at the communal bonds found in Southern black communites, especially those as described by Gaines in The Sky is Gray. Along with this, he describes the dangers inherent in a community where tradition and change interact. Ill take coke, or Ill use any kind of profanity, I dont give a damn. On the other side are the preacher and the other woman the young man speaks to after the preacher departs. Action is the only thing. 28 terms. The great fear here is not the capriciousness of white townfolk, but of being beholden, as a result of their poverty, to anyone. Octavias skepticism and self-imposed isolation place her in a similarly antagonistic stance toward the community. Faced with the necessity to act and finding traditional solutions no longer viable, the characters in Gainess stories struggle desperately to restore some semblance of normalcy to their worlds. The Sky is Gray is a bildungsroman, a story describing the growth of a child into adulthood. 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