[669], The UK joined the AUKUS defence pact with the United States and Australia in September 2021, which was interpreted as aiming to counter Chinese power in the Indo-Pacific region. [246][247] At the beginning of his tenure as mayor, Johnson announced plans to extend pay-as-you-go Oyster cards to national rail services in London. [362][363][364] In October 2017, he faced criticism for stating the Libyan city of Sirte could become an economic success like Dubai: "all they have to do is clear the dead bodies away". [266] He was criticised for his response to the 2011 London riots; holidaying with his family in British Columbia when the rioting broke out, he did not return immediately to London, only doing so 48 hours after it had begun and addressing Londoners 60 hours thereafter. [72] In 1984, Johnson was elected secretary of the Oxford Union,[73] and campaigned unsuccessfully for the career-enhancing and important position of Union President. Language. These measures include the Dissolution and Calling of Parliament Bill, which would restore the royal prerogative to dissolve Parliament; a Higher Education (Freedom of Speech) Bill to combat deplatforming at universities;[537] an Online Safety Bill that would impose a statutory duty of care on online companies and empower Ofcom to block particular websites;[538] and an Animal Welfare (Sentience) Bill that would legally recognise animal sentience. After Liz Truss announced her resignation as Conservative Party leader on 20 October 2022, Johnson sought support from MPs to run in the subsequent leadership election, and received support from several cabinet members. MP Kim Leadbeater and Brendan Cox, the sister and husband of murdered MP Jo Cox, warned against politicians lending credence to far-right conspiracy theories. [556], In November 2021, Johnson backed a motion to block the suspension of Owen Paterson, a Conservative MP found to have abused his position by the independent standards commissioner after undertaking paid lobbying on behalf of two companies. [531][532] Several months after his dismissal, on 26May 2021, Cummings claimed during a seven-hour testimony delivered to Parliament that Johnson was "unfit for the job" and that "tens of thousands of people died who didn't need to die" during the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic due to what he claimed to be "criminal, disgraceful behaviour" within Downing Street under the supervision of Health Secretary Matt Hancock. [33] He and his siblings were encouraged to engage in highbrow activities from a young age,[34] with high achievement being greatly valued; Johnson's earliest recorded ambition was to be "world king". The register of MPs' interests states that Johnson has a rental income of at least 10,000 a year. [281] During the 2012 Mayoral election, Johnson sought re-election, while Livingstone was selected as the Labour candidate again. [264][265] Similarly, his claim that Metropolitan Police numbers had increased was characterised as untrue,[264] but the fact-checkers at Full Fact felt that both Johnson's and his critics' positions are defensible. [779][780][781][782] He has been considered a figure with broad appeal outside of the usual Conservative support base. [65] While at Oxford, Johnson participated in college rugby union, playing as a tighthead prop for Balliol College's team for four years. In the last ballot, on 20June, he reached 160 votes and was named one of the final two candidates, alongside Jeremy Hunt. Thank you. [29], In 1969, the family returned to England and settled into West Nethercote Farm, near Winsford in Somerset, Stanley's remote family home on Exmoor in the West Country. [515] In response, the government enacted further restrictions to large parts of southern and eastern England and on 21December shortened a planned household mixing period over Christmas. Shortly after 4am local time on February 24, 2022, Russia invaded Ukraine and world leaders . [220][221][222][223] Controversy arose when Johnson was accused of warning the MP Damian Green that police were planning to arrest him; Johnson denied the claims and did not face criminal charges under the Criminal Justice Act. [662], The United Kingdom and Mauritius dispute the sovereignty of the Chagos Archipelago in the Indian Ocean. [608], In the week prior to and throughout the Platinum Jubilee of Elizabeth II in June 2022, it had been speculated that a vote of confidence in Johnson's leadership of the Conservative Party might occur in the near future. "[546], On 28 May Lord Geidt published a report on the allegations in an annexe to the register of interests. But Boris Johnson today makes the startling claim that he is directly descended from slaves. "[579][580][581] Amery's call was itself a reference to Cromwell's dismissal of the Rump parliament. Label. [516], After Russia began the world's first COVID-19 vaccination programme on 5December 2020,[517] Britain began its programme three days later. Both Cummings and Johnson rejected widespread calls that Cummings resign. There'd be all sorts of breakdowns, all sorts of chaos. [328][329] Johnson's appointment ensured he would often be out of the country and unable to organise and mobilise backbenchers against her, while forcing him to take responsibility for problems caused by withdrawing from the EU. His father Stanley Johnson and his sister Rachael Johnson are also media celebrities, with regular appearances on television and radio. He voiced support for Chinese president Xi Jinping's infrastructure investment effort, the Belt and Road Initiative, and promised to keep the United Kingdom "the most open economy in Europe" for Chinese investment. [224] He was accused of cronyism,[225] in particular for appointing Veronica Wadley, a former Evening Standard editor who had supported him, as the chair of London's Arts Council when she was widely regarded as not being the best candidate for the position. [373] Russia's Foreign Ministry denounced Johnson's "unacceptable and unworthy" parallel towards Russia, a "nation that lost millions of lives in fighting Nazism". [194][195] He presented a popular history television show, The Dream of Rome, which was broadcast in January 2006; a book followed in February. [405][406], In April 2019, the Independent Press Standards Organisation ruled that a claim in a 6January 2019 article in The Daily Telegraph, "The British people won't be scared into backing a woeful Brexit deal nobody voted for", authored by Johnson,[407] that a no-deal Brexit was "by some margin preferred by the British public" was false, and "represented a failure to take care over the accuracy of the article in breach of Clause 1 (i)" of its guidelines, and required that a correction to the false claim be published in the print edition, and appended to the online version. [118] Johnson's column received praise for being ideologically eclectic and distinctively written, and earned him a Commentator of the Year Award at the What the Papers Say awards. [377] Johnson supported the Turkish invasion of northern Syria aimed at ousting the Syrian Kurds from the enclave of Afrin. Polls suggested that while Livingstone's approach to transport was preferred, voters in London placed greater trust in Johnson over issues of crime and the economy. [504][505], The Johnson ministry has been accused of cronyism in their assignment of contracts related to the pandemic response. [732] In 2019, reacting to reports in The Sun, that Johnson had told cabinet colleagues he was "basically a Brexity Hezza", former deputy leader of the Conservative Party Michael Heseltine said Johnson "has no right to call himself a one-nation Conservative" and wrote: "I fear that any traces of liberal conservatism that still exist within the prime minister have long since been captured by the rightwing, foreigner-bashing, inward-looking view of the world that has come to characterise his fellow Brexiters. [563], In early December 2021, reports emerged that social gatherings of government and Conservative Party staff in Downing Street had taken place ahead of Christmas 2020 against COVID-19 regulations. [664] Johnson disputed Mauritian claims to sovereignty over the Chagos. [55] Johnson excelled in English and the Classics, winning prizes in both,[56] and became secretary of the school debating society,[57] and editor of the school newspaper, The Eton College Chronicle. [601], On 7 February, while Starmer and his colleague David Lammy were leaving Parliament, they were ambushed by a group of people who shouted abuse at Starmer including the words "traitor" and "Jimmy Savile". E-Book Overview. [859][860], Referring to his varied ancestry, Johnson has described himself as a "one-man melting pot" with a combination of Abrahamic religious great-grandparents. [32] As a child, Johnson was quiet and studious[26] and was deaf, resulting in several operations to insert grommets into his ears. [143][144] In an appendix added to a later edition of his 2005 book about the Roman empire, The Dream of Rome, Tell MAMA and the Muslim Council of Britain strongly criticised Johnson for arguing Islam has caused the Muslim world to be "literally centuries behind" the West.[145]. [683], In November 2021, Johnson warned that the European Union faces "a choice" between "sticking up for Ukraine" and approving the Nord Stream 2 natural gas pipeline which runs from Russia to Europe. [315] Conversely, former Conservative Party leader Iain Duncan Smith and UK Independence Party (UKIP) leader Nigel Farage defended his comments. She. By Matthew Mpoke Bigg. [139][140], Journalist Charlotte Edwardes wrote in The Times in 2019 alleging that Johnson had squeezed her thigh at a private lunch in the offices of the Spectator in 1999 and that another woman had told her he had done the same to her. Watch: Boris Johnson says people need to understand the "sheer cost in human life" war could entail Evidence suggests Russia is planning "the biggest war in Europe since 1945", Prime Minister. [159][160] After initially stating he would not, he voted in support of the government's plans to join the US in the 2003 invasion of Iraq,[150] and in April 2003 visited occupied Baghdad. Boris. Alexander Boris de Pfeffel Johnson, Boris Johnson; g. 1964 m. birelio 19 d., Niujorkas, JAV ) - Jungtins Karalysts urnalistas, politikas. [250] On 21November 2013, Transport for London announced that all London Underground ticket offices would close by 2015. [153] Despite his credentials as a public speaker, his speeches in the House of Commons were widely deemed lacklustre; Johnson later called them "crap". All staffed ticket offices would be closed to save over 40million a year and replaced with automated ticketing systems. ", "Smith, Leadsom and McVey out as Johnson reshuffles cabinet", "Cabinet reshuffle: Sajid Javid resigns as chancellor", "Cabinet reshuffle: Raab moved from foreign secretary to deputy PM", "Cabinet reshuffle: Gavin Williamson sacked and Dominic Raab moved from foreign secretary", "Boris Johnson announces closure of all UK pubs and restaurants", "Analysis: A short list of Boris Johnson's U-turns on the pandemic", "Boris Johnson's Covid flip-flops: the pledges upended by reality", "Ministers frustrated with PM's 'mistakes' ahead of Covid second wave", "Covid: The inside story of the government's battle against the virus", "Coronavirus: 38 days when Britain sleepwalked into disaster", "Boris Johnson missed five coronavirus Cobra meetings, Michael Gove says", "How did Britain get its coronavirus response so wrong? [270] He collected donations from the city's wealthy for a charitable enterprise, the Mayor's Fund, which he had established to aid disadvantaged youths. Boris Johnson (Q180589) Boris Johnson. [310], In April 2016, in an article for The Sun, in response to a comment by President Barack Obama that Britain should remain in the European Union, Johnson said an "ancestral dislike" of Britain owing to his "part-Kenyan" background may have shaped Obama's views. [413] He also said he planned to raise the level at which low-paid workers start to pay National Insurance. [212], During the electoral campaign, Johnson had confided to Brian Paddick he was unsure how he would maintain his lifestyle while relying upon the mayoral salary of 140,000 a year. [206][207] Johnson then announced his resignation as MP for Henley. [611][612] The number of rebel MPs was larger than had been expected. One of the thornier points of contention involves safety regulations for food and plants, an area where the British government is opposed to a closer alignment with existing EU regulations. Many of the MPs involved stated that the Pincher affair had led them to change their minds on the suitability of Johnson to hold the office of prime minister. After stepping down as party leader, Johnson reverted to being an ordinary backbench MP. Johnson's maternal great-grandfather, Elias Avery Lowe, was a Moscow-born Jew born to a textile merchant. [645][646], In November 2020, Johnson announced a 10-point plan for a "green industrial revolution", which would include an end to the sale of petrol and diesel cars and vans by 2030,[e] quadruple the amount of offshore wind power capacity within a decade, fund a variety of emissions-cutting proposals, and spurn a proposed green post-COVID-19 recovery. [60][61][62], Johnson won a scholarship to study Literae Humaniores at Balliol College, Oxford, a four-year course in the study of the Classics, ancient literature and classical philosophy. Given the middle name Boris to honor a Russian migr his parents once knew, he chose to use that name in his political career. [791], Sonia Purnell wrote that Johnson was a "highly evasive figure" when it came to his personal life,[792] who remained detached from others and who had very few if any intimate friends. [123] At The Daily Telegraph and The Spectator, he was consistently late delivering his copy, forcing many staff to stay late to accommodate him; some related that if they published without his work included, he would get angry and shout at them with expletives. [174] In his Shadow Cabinet reshuffle of May 2004, Howard appointed Johnson to the position of shadow arts minister. [796] Johnson partakes in cycling, tennis and pilates, and was formerly an avid runner before having to give it up owing to knee problems. Boris Johnson. [674][675] A few weeks later, following the fall of Kabul to the Taliban, he blamed the United States for the crisis caused by the withdrawal of U.S. troops from Afghanistan,[676][677] saying that NATO alliance members "could not continue this US-led mission, a mission conceived and executed in support of America, without American logistics, without US air power and without American might". [751], On 19 August 2019, Johnson wrote a letter to the EU and asked for the removal of the "backstop" accord, which had previously been agreed and signed by Theresa May during her premiership. [147] The local Conservative branch selected him although it was split over Johnson's candidacy. The pact was denounced by China[671] and caused a French backlash, as it usurped existing plans for Australia to procure French submarines. Pro bono publico, no bloody panic. [667] China accused the UK of interfering in its internal affairs. [585] At least 50 such notices would be issued, with other recipients including Johnson's wife and Chancellor Sunak. [149] Alongside his Islington home, Johnson bought a farmhouse outside Thame in his new constituency. ", "PM Johnson and Symonds engaged and expecting baby", "Boris Johnson and Carrie Symonds name baby boy Wilfred Lawrie Nicholas Johnson after doctors who saved PM's life", "Boris Johnson and Carrie Symonds announce birth of baby boy", "Boris Johnson and Carrie Symonds announce birth of son", "Boris Johnson marries Carrie Symonds in secret wedding", "Boris Johnson and Carrie Symonds wed in 'small ceremony', No 10 confirms", "Carrie Johnson and Boris Johnson expecting second child", "Boris Johnson's wife Carrie gives birth to second child", "Family of influence behind Boris Johnson", "Leo Johnson, partner, PwC Sustainability and Climate Change", "Rachel Johnson joins Lib Dems in protest against Tory backing for Brexit", "Rachel Johnson and Gavin Esler to stand for Change UK", "Stanley Johnson: The man who made Boris", "Boris Johnson's mother on her brilliant brood", "The story of Wilfred Johnson, the decorated WW2 pilot who has given his name to the Prime Minister's son", "Interview: Boris Johnson my Jewish credentials", "Boris Johnson's Sister Reveals His Little-known Past as a Volunteer on an Israeli Kibbutz", "Mummy found in Basel church is related to Boris Johnson", "Boris Johnson 'is descendant' of mummified Basel woman", "Phooey! ", "Conservative moderates plan to take back control of Boris Johnson as prime minister", "Boris Johnson: Classic Tory or Political Maverick? As a result, he earned the mistrust of many party members. [b] After agreeing to a revised Brexit withdrawal agreement, which replaced the Irish backstop with a new Northern Ireland Protocol, but failing to win parliamentary support for the agreement, Johnson called a snap general election in December 2019. Later U.S. presidents ancestry can often be traced to ancestors from multiple nations in Europe, including England. [123], Contemplating a political career, in 1993, Johnson outlined his desire to stand as a Conservative candidate to be a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) in the 1994 European Parliament elections. He also claimed that he intended to stay as prime minister until the mid-2030s, although Number 10 later said that he had been joking. The European Parliament Brexit coordinator Guy Verhofstadt said there would be no further negotiation on the trade deal unless the UK agreed to pay the entire sum. [152], In Parliament, Johnson was appointed to a standing committee assessing the Proceeds of Crime Bill, but missed many of its meetings. ", "Boris Johnson one nation Conservative or populist? "[614][615], Oliver Dowden, the Co-Chairman of the Conservative Party, resigned saying: "We cannot carry on with business as usual"[616][617] and "Somebody must take responsibility". He began a relationship with Allegra Mostyn-Owen, cover girl for Tatler magazine and daughter of Christie's Education chairman William Mostyn-Owen. In the name of God, go. [419] Johnson appointed Dominic Cummings, whom he worked with on the Vote Leave campaign, as his senior advisor. Johnson conducted another reshuffle of his cabinet in September 2021. Former British Prime Minister Boris Johnson has claimed France was "in denial" about the prospect of a Russian invasion of Ukraine, and accused the German government of initially favoring a. By Catherine Belton. [522], In July 2021, Johnson announced that most generalised public health restrictions in England would be lifted and replaced by recommendations. George Williams (1821-1905) 41. A Ukrainian military unit named after Boris Johnson has been wiped out by Russia's Wagner troops in the besieged city of Bakhmut, the mercenary group claimed today. Johnson gained a King's Scholarship to study at Eton College, a boarding school near Windsor in Berkshire. Since he was baptised Catholic, but his previous weddings were not conferred by the Catholic Church, they are considered putatively invalid. But actually you might get somewhere. Boris Johnson How we did it European Aristocracy", "Prime Minister Boris Johnson Traces His Family History | Who Do You Think You Are", "RIBA Honorary Fellowships 2018 announced", "Boris Johnson scoops RIBA honorary fellowship", "London mayor Boris Johnson named honorary Australian of the Year", "Boris Johnson admits to being a bit baffled by honorary Aussie award", "Business Transacted and Orders Approved at the Privy Council Held by the Queen at Buckingham Palace on 15th July 2016", "Donald Trump, Boris Johnson, and other leaders win Ig Nobel awards for teaching people about life and death", "Boris Johnson becomes honorary citizen of Odesa Trukhanov", "Boris Johnson named honorary citizen of Odesa for helping Ukraine", "Zelensky presents Johnson with Order of Liberty in Kyiv", "Boris Johnson awarded honorary 'citizen of Kyiv' medal in Davos", "Rebels leading London: the mayoralties of Ken Livingstone and Boris Johnson compared", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Boris_Johnson&oldid=1142158234. [226][227][228] He was caught up in the parliamentary expenses scandal and accused of excessive personal spending on taxi journeys. [622] It was later alleged that he sexually assaulted two men,[623] and he was suspended as a Conservative MP. [481][482] Johnson's public communication over the virus and the UK's test and trace system have also been criticised. [542] On 28 April, the Electoral Commission announced it had opened a formal investigation into the allegations. I had heard of Boris Johnson's ancestry, but you have painted such a comprehensive . The report concluded that Johnson did not breach the Ministerial Code and that no conflict, or reasonably perceived conflict, of interest arose. [298] He later called Trump's comments "ill informed" and "complete and utter nonsense", adding that "the only reason I wouldn't go to some parts of New York is the real risk of meeting Donald Trump". George Washington (English) [799], Johnson was baptised a Catholic and later confirmed into the Church of England,[53] but has said that his faith "comes and goes"[800] and that he is not a serious practising Christian. [561], After Paterson resigned, a by-election was held in Paterson's former constituency of North Shropshire. [835][836], On 29 May 2021, Johnson married Symonds in a secret ceremony at Westminster Cathedral attended by 30 guests,[803][837] becoming the first prime minister to marry in office since Lord Liverpool married Mary Chester in 1822. The Adam Smith Institute described Johnson's speech as "bombastic but vacuous and economically illiterate". [586] Boris Johnson either knowingly broke the law or did not understand laws he himself had introduced. Boris Johnson is the first UK Prime Minister to be born outside of Britain. [272] In turn he remained largely supportive of his friends in the media among them Rupert Murdoch during the News International phone hacking scandal. C-SPAN an acronym for Cable-Satellite Public Affairs Network is an American cable television network that offers coverage of federal government proceedings and other public affairs programming via its three television channels (C-SPAN C-SPAN2 and C-SPAN3). Everyone would think he'd gone mad. [539] Cummings wrote on his blog that the plans were "unethical, foolish, possibly illegal" and "almost certainly broke the rules on proper disclosure of political donations if conducted in the way he intended. On behalf of the London Assembly, the chair of its Greater London Authority Oversight Committee said the committee would now resume its own investigation. [659] Johnson's government placed importance on maintaining the "Special Relationship" with the United States. [309] He called Cameron's warnings about leaving "greatly over exaggerated". The White House had nothing to say Sunday morning after former British Prime Minister Boris Johnson was caught making a rude and dismissive remark about the US during discussions The former prime minister was speaking with his former Lord Chancellor Sir Robert Buckland when he made the remark in . [105] His writings were also a key influence on the emergence of the EU-opposing UK Independence Party (UKIP) in the early 1990s. [317][318] On 22June 2016, Johnson declared 23June could be "Britain's independence day" in a televised debate in front of a 6,000-member audience at Wembley Arena. Johnson is living in accommodation that the wife of Conservative donor Lord Bamford owns.[714]. "[746] As Mayor of London, Johnson was known as a supporter of immigration. [5][862][863], "BoJo" and "Bo Jo" redirect here. [31] His father was regularly absent from Nethercote, leaving Johnson to be raised largely by his mother, assisted by au pairs. [830][831], In 2019, Johnson was living with Carrie Symonds, the daughter of Matthew Symonds, co-founder of The Independent newspaper. Now, for the bad. [495] Johnson left intensive care on 9April,[496] and left hospital three days later to recuperate at Chequers. LONDON - For almost a decade, Alexander Temerko, who forged a career at the top of the Russian arms industry and had connections at the . ", "Boris weds Carrie at Westminster Cathedral", "Boris Johnson could prove more of a Chancer than his hero Pericles", "Boris Johnson's magniloquent tongue reaps political gold, linguists", "Boris Johnson's confusing and contradictory religious history", "What I learned talking to Boris Johnson about religion", "Boris Johnson Knows Exactly What He's Doing", "Boris Johnson's secret family: Prime Minister's 3 marriages and 7 children revealed", "What Do We Know About Boris Johnson's Seven Children? [523][524], In September 2021, Johnson was pictured in a cabinet meeting, with "at least 30 people crammed shoulder-to-shoulder", without anyone wearing masks and with all windows apparently closed, contradicting government advice. [553] This coincided with a rise in energy prices that Johnson said was a "short-term" problem caused by "the global economy coming back to life" after the COVID-19 pandemic. In 2008, Johnson was elected Mayor of London and resigned from the House of Commons. [695], Johnson condemned the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, and ensured the UK joined in international sanctions on Russian banks and oligarchs. In September 1987, Johnson and Mostyn-Owen were married in West Felton, Shropshire, accompanied by a duet for violin and viola Allegra e Boris[82] specially commissioned for the wedding from Hans Werner Henze. [488] On 20March, Johnson requested the closure of pubs, restaurants, gyms, entertainment venues, museums and galleries that evening, though with some regret, saying, "We're taking away the ancient, inalienable right of free-born people of the United Kingdom to go to the pub. [127] In 1999, he was also given a column reviewing new cars in the magazine GQ. [679][680] On 16October 2020 Johnson said that the UK "must get ready" for no trade deal with the EU. [415] He received 114 votes in the first ballot of party MPs,[416] 126 in the next, 143 votes in the third and 157 in the fourth. Former PM Boris Johnson . [597], While speaking in the House of Commons on 31 January 2022, Johnson falsely blamed Starmer for the non-prosecution of serial sex offender Jimmy Savile when Starmer was Director of Public Prosecutions (DPP) in the Crown Prosecution Service (CPS). [401], In July 2018, Johnson signed a 12month contract to write articles for the Telegraph Media Group. [754] He proposed building a bridge or tunnel between Scotland and Northern Ireland, but has since scrapped this initiative. [787] In February 2015, he announced his intention to renounce his US citizenship to demonstrate his loyalty to the UK,[788] which he did in 2016. The UK Prime Minister, whose full name is Alexander Boris de Pfeffel Johnson, comes from a fairly diverse background: his father's ancestry includes Turkish as well as European origins . explored the German origins of his middle name Pfeffel. [793] Among friends and family, Johnson is more commonly known as Al (short for his forename Alexander), rather than his middle name Boris. In June 2020, 30 British MPs including Labour, SNP and Liberal Democrats signed a letter calling on Prime Minister Johnson to act immediately on the ICJ ruling. ", "UK commits to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to net zero by 2050", "Boris Johnson warns against 'napping' on climate change", "Could Scotland ever be 'the Saudi Arabia of renewables'? [694] On 21 February 2022, Johnson condemned Russia's diplomatic recognition of two self-proclaimed separatist republics in Donbas. [292] In 2013, a mayoral fund awarded her company, Innotech, 10,000, followed the next year by Arcuri being awarded 15,000 from a government programme. Johnson reshuffled his cabinet on 13 February 2020. Thomas John Johnson (c1816-c1861) 39. They started in Sochi, fled to the Ottoman Empire once the Russian Empire took over Sochi then they fled to the UK once the Ottoman Empire started to collapse. [193] To make up for this loss of income, Johnson negotiated with The Daily Telegraph to raise his annual fee from 200,000 to 250,000, averaging at 5,000 per column, each of which took up around an hour and a half of his time. "You can see the. Johnson, for all his gifts, is unlikely to grace any future Tory cabinet. Did you know that Boris Johnsons ancestors originated in Russia? [400] A victim, anti-abuse organisations, a police chief and Shadow police minister Louise Haigh strongly criticised this. [721] In 2012, the political scientist Tony Travers described Johnson as "a fairly classicthat is, small-statemildly eurosceptic Conservative" who, like his contemporaries Cameron and George Osborne, also embraced "modern social liberalism". Before the election, Johnson published Johnson's Life of London, a work of popular history that the historian A. N. Wilson characterised as a "coded plea" for votes.
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